How Felix Baumgartner Crossed The Sound Barrier: Report

Cape Canaveral (Florida):  Austrian daredevil Felix Baumgartner's supersonic plunge to Earth from the stratosphere could help determine whether space tourists should wear spacesuits similar to the one that protected him as he shattered the sound barrier.

"This wasn't just a mild penetration of the sound barrier," Mr Baumgartner's doctor, Jonathan Clark, said on Monday as the skydiver and his crew celebrated Sunday's record-breaking dive from about 24 miles (39 kilometers) up.

"It was Mach 1.24. Our ground recovery teams on four different locations heard the sonic boom," said Mr Clark, a former high-altitude military parachutist and NASA doctor who worked on escape systems for space shuttle astronauts.

Mr Baumgartner jumped from an altitude of 128,097 feet (39,044 meters) over Roswell, New Mexico, reaching a peak speed of about 833 mph (1,342.8 kph). The speed of sound at that altitude is about 690 mph (1,110 kph).

Century Fox Reports: Video on how Felix Baumgartner sky dives to cross the sound barrier
His goal was to break records - highest sky dive, fastest free fall, biggest balloon to carry a person into the sky - but the feat was closely followed by doctors, engineers and scientists working to make spaceflight and high-altitude aircraft more survivable in accidents.

Mr Clark knows the dangers firsthand. He lost his wife, astronaut Laurel Clark, when the damaged shuttle Columbia broke apart more than 200,700 feet (61,173 meters) above ground on February 1, 2003.

Before that, Mr Clark served on a team that investigated the 1986 shuttle Challenger accident, another space disaster that claimed the lives of seven crew members.

Made to order

Among those interested in data collected during Mr Baumgartner's free fall are NASA doctors and engineers, companies developing space taxis and the Federal Aviation Administration, which oversees the fledgling commercial spaceflight industry and is deciding if spacesuits should be mandatory for space tourists.

During his sky dive, Mr Baumgartner wore a specially made suit similar to the orange pressurised flight suits that space shuttle astronauts began using after the Challenger disaster.

Until Mr Baumgartner's jump on Sunday, the suits had never been tested in supersonic flight or certified beyond 100,000 feet (30,480 meters), the altitude that previous free-fall record holder Joe Kittinger reached in 1960.

"Felix demonstrated that you can penetrate the sound barrier," Mr Clark said. "He didn't just go transonic, he went supersonic. Going Mach 1.24 is incredible. That is so much further beyond any limit of human endurance. It's just amazing."

"If you had a breakup of a spacecraft during launch and got lofted to 130,000 feet (39,624 meters) and got out, you could survive and go through the sound barrier. Maybe it wouldn't be pretty. You might be unstable, but eventually when you got lower you would have more control," Mr Clark said.

Future space travellers also could have an emergency drogue chute packed on their suits that would automatically deploy.

"In our case, we wanted to go fast, so to break the sound barrier we didn't want to use a drogue chute. But if you had a drogue chute, you would go slower, and you would be much more stable and less likely to go into a flat spin," Mr Clark said.

Sealed inside his pressurized suit, Baumgartner did not feel himself going through the sound barrier, the skydiver told reporters after landing on Sunday.

"It was like swimming without touching the water. I was fighting all the way down to regain control," he said.

"I had a lot of pressure in my head, but I didn't feel like I was passing out. I felt like I could handle it."

Doctors were not sure what blasting through the sound barrier would do to the human body. In addition to going into an uncontrollable spin and possibly losing consciousness or worse, Baumgartner's supersonic body could have triggered dangerous shock waves that may have collided with the force of an explosion.

"I'd love to give a special one-finger salute to all those who said he was going to come apart when he went supersonic," quipped Kittinger, who served as an adviser on the project.

For the next six months or so, Mr Clark and his colleagues will be analysing data from the dive.

"Just the physiologic monitoring system that Felix wore generated 50 million data points," Mr Clark said. "We have a massive amount of data to go through."

EXPLORE:  World News     NASA     Curiosity     Mars     Sun     Scientists     23 Feet         Australia's Radio Telescope      Supersonic Sky Dive

Read More

Edited By Cen Fox Post Team

Follow @centuryfoxpost

Felix Baumgartner Breaks Sound Barrier(Video)

Washington: The world looked on in fear and awe as Austrian daredevil Felix Baumgartner jumped from the edge of outer space on Sunday, breaking a slew of records and winning millions of instant fans.

The video feed -- broadcast on a 20-second delay intended to give news stations time to cut away in case tragedy struck -- was viewed by more than seven million people on YouTube alone.

The death-defying jump riveted audiences hungry for a genuinely extraordinary feat in an age when NASA is mothballing human spaceflight and many other supposed thrill-seekers simply perform elaborate stunts.

Reactions poured in on Facebook and Twitter from people around the globe who had followed every step of the drama-packed mission, their lingering cynicism quickly turning to disbelief bordering on reverence.

First Baumgartner ascended in a small capsule attached to a massive helium-filled balloon, rising for more than two hours to reach a dizzying altitude more than 24 miles (39 kilometers) above the Earth.

There was unexpected drama and minutes of uncertainty after it emerged that the heating mechanism on his visor wasn't working.

Maybe this would be just like all the other PR exercises, but No! he shifted forward to the edge of the capsule, the Earth but a distant blue haze below, and launched himself into freefall.

The biggest risk Baumgartner faced was spinning out of control, which could have exerted excessive G-force and made him lose consciousness. A controlled dive from the capsule was essential, putting him in a head-down position to increase speed.

Transfixed viewers around the world looked on in agony as the Austrian started tumbling chaotically for what seemed like an eternity before finally achieving the correct position.

"Who else saw Felix Baumgartner jump?? Damn what a legend!" Gregor Bates, watching in the British city of Bristol, wrote on Twitter.

Adam Polselli, in US city of San Francisco, tweeted "More than anything, I'm impressed by Felix Baumgartner's courage. May we all be that brave when we step into the unknown."

Austrians were particularly proud.

President Heinz Fischer posted on his Facebook page: "I warmly congratulate Felix Baumgartner on this great success, which was achieved with courage and perseverance and is finding worldwide attention."

Jesus Diaz, who covered the event live for technology website Gizmodo, wrote that he "teared up" watching the successful conclusion of the jump.

"He did it, people. He jumped from the edge of space, broke some records, and survived," Diaz wrote.

"Kudos to you, Felix. As you were falling faster than any man in history, you made our collective hearts stop, then swell."

Some drew parallels to Neil Armstrong, the first man on the moon, saying Baumgartner would inspire the next generation of space pioneers.

Andrew Kavanagh of Ireland suggested that future adventurers may have been paying attention: "My son has spent the past half hour doing Felix Baumgartner impersonations..."

Some had a less reverent take on the daredevil feat.

"Just watched a dude jump from near space. Humans are really dumb and really awesome," wrote Geoff G, in the southeastern US state of Louisiana, on Twitter.

All for a feat whose scientific significance was not clear, some argued.

"Felix Baumgartner has made a giant leap for a man but an infinitesimally small step for mankind," tweeted Peter Bradshaw, whose location was not specified.

Baumgartner broke at least three records: the highest freefall leap, the fastest speed ever achieved by a human and the first person to break the sound barrier of around 690 miles (1,110 kilometers) per hour in freefall.

He said before the attempt that "part of this entire experience will help make the next pressure suit safer for space tourists and aviators."

Former NASA Astronaut Leroy Chiao, speaking on the US news channel CNN after the dive, concurred, saying "the technologies that they have developed, pressure suit technologies, I think you are going to see these things incorporated into future pressure suits that are used in spacecraft."

EXPLORE:  World News     NASA     Curiosity     Mars     Sun     Scientists     23 Feet     Supernova      Mount Sharp  7 Foot Arm      Blue Moon         Neil Armstrong      Last Letter        Australia's Radio Telescope      Supersonic Sky Dive      Space X

Read More

Edited By Cen Fox Post Team

Follow @centuryfoxpost

Supersonic Sky Dive Attempt By 'Felix Baumgartner'

(Century Fox Post) : The man who's going to jump 23 miles to Earth: 

Next week, 'Fearless Felix' will try to break the sound barrier free-falling from space.

• One tiny error could result in his blood boiling and his brain exploding.
• Austrian Felix Baumgartner has spent five years planning the daredevil feat.
• He will be attempting to break the sound barrier on Tuesday leaping from an aircraft on the edge of space in a pressurised suit with a parachute.

Should anyone else be planning the feat Felix Baumgartner will undertake on Tuesday morning, this weekend would be a time of sleepless nights and dread-filled days. 

For 23 miles up on the edge of space, and wearing only a pressurised suit and a parachute, he will pause at the hatch of his tiny capsule as it ascends into the heavens beneath one of the biggest balloons ever made.

Red Bull Stratos announced Friday that the jump by extreme athlete Felix Baumgartner have been moved from Monday to Tuesday thanks to a cold front with gusty winds. The jump can only be made if winds on the ground are under 2 mph for the initial launch a balloon carrying Baumgartner.

Felix plans to jump from the edge of the earth's atmosphere on Tuesday

No more than 20 minutes later, the world will know whether this audacious Austrian has become the first skydiver to break the sound barrier in the highest, fastest freefall descent in history.

If anything goes wrong — and despite five years of planning and training, there is plenty that could — it might get very, very messy. 

The nightmare scenario that Felix’s project director likens to a ‘horror film’ would involve his blood boiling, brain bursting and eyeballs popping out — all of it watched live via the internet around the globe.

This may sound like the sort of lunatic feat that no one but a man who has spent 20 years at the more extreme end of extreme sports would want anything to do with. But a team of engineers, doctors and pilots have spent five years working alongside Baumgartner, 43, to ensure he gets down alive and in one piece.

For one of them, Dr Jonathan Clark, the operation’s medical director, there is an intensely personal reason for being involved. 

Since his astronaut wife Laurel was killed in 2003 when the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texas, the former Nasa flight surgeon has devoted his career to working to improve astronauts’ chances of surviving a similar high-altitude disaster.

Austrian Felix Baumgartner, pictured at a news conference in New York, will leap from an aircraft 23 miles above New Mexico, in an attempt to jump higher and faster in a free fall than anyone ever before

‘I have every expectation he’ll come through this successfully,’ says Dr Clark. ‘But, you know, it is still an unknown.’

As for Baumgartner, quite the Hollywood action man with his rugged good looks and Born To Fly tattooed on his arm, he and his backers are sufficiently confident that they are filming the descent and streaming it on YouTube. 

Banishing talk of nerves, he says he would never jump if the odds were against him. And he insists he hasn’t got a death wish.

Of the sceptics who will be holding their hands in front of their eyes as he hurtles towards Earth at nearly 700mph, he says simply: ‘I think they underestimate the skills of a skydiver.’

Fearless Felix has been flinging himself out of planes and off skyscrapers for years. He has clocked up 2,500 skydiving jumps, including one in which he became the first person to ‘fly’ across the English Channel, with carbon-fibre wings strapped to his back. He has performed various horrifying ‘base jumps’, freefalling off the Christ statue in Rio and leaping head-first into a pitch black, 620ft-deep cave in Croatia.

Baumgartner says his supersonic plunge will be the end of his ‘journey’ as a daredevil. He intends to retire with his girlfriend and settle down to a quiet life — which in his case means becoming a rescue helicopter pilot.

Ahead of his grand finale, he has completed a couple of high-altitude dress rehearsals. In July, he leapt from 96,640ft — just 6,000ft shy of a world record set in 1960 by Joe Kittinger, a U.S. air force test pilot.

The grandfather of stratosphere skydiving, 84-year-old Colonel Kittinger has become Baumgartner’s mentor and will be the voice he hears in his headset as he communicates with mission control before and during the jump.

Fearless Felix, pictured saluting as he prepared in March to board a capsule carried by a balloon during the first manned test flight for Red Bull Stratos in Roswell, New Mexico

But a disembodied voice will not protect him against some of the most extreme forces in nature.

‘You can feel in your stomach  and every part of your body that  it does not want to be there,’ says the Austrian, a former military parachutist, laconically.

The body in question will be encased in a specially designed £125,000 spacesuit. It has an insulating exterior that can withstand extreme temperatures, and an airtight inner layer filled with pressurised oxygen.

It also has one crucial difference to the spacesuits worn by astronauts, which is that it remains highly flexible when it is fully pressurised.

Baumgartner’s visor is fitted with an intensely powerful heat regulator that should keep his view free of fog and frost.

The suit’s 12lb chest pack contains monitoring and tracking equipment together with a voice transmitter so he can talk to mission control on the way down. The pack is connected to a device on his wrist that allows him to monitor his speed and altitude.

The capsule in which he’ll make his ascent is 11ft high and 8ft in diameter, made from fibreglass strengthened by an internal metal frame, and weighs as much as a Volkswagen Beetle.

The Red Bull Stratos science team has confirmed that the capsule delivering Austrian sportsman Felix Baumgartner to the edge of space for his record-breaking free-fall attempt is mission ready

It was designed by some of the scientists who created the U.S. stealth bomber and is based on the famous Nasa Apollo rocket, but with a few key design differences.

The exit hatch is bigger for a start, designed to prevent the sort of catastrophe that befell Soviet  high-altitude sky diver Pyotr Dolgov in 1962. Struggling to leave his capsule in his cumbersome spacesuit, Dolgov cracked his visor slightly  on the door.

He was dead by the time he landed, a victim of ebullism, the terrifying condition in which the drastically lower air pressure above 62,000ft makes liquids in the body start to bubble and vaporise, inflating the body and bringing unconsciousness within 15 seconds.

Unfortunately for Baumgartner’s sponsor, Red Bull, he won’t be able to consume any of the fizzy energy drink on the way up.

The air pressure inside the capsule will still be significantly lower than at sea level, and any kind of gas inside his body could prove extremely uncomfortable. The Austrian company won’t say how much it has sunk into the project, but it must surely run into millions.

Pilot Felix Baumgartner did his first test jump from the Red Bull Stratos capsule in March, in which he reached an altitude 21,800 meters (71500 ft) and landed safely near Roswell, New Mexico

Weather permitting (the balloon material is so flimsy the ground level wind cannot be stronger than 2mph), the launch is scheduled for dawn on Tuesday, on a runway in the New Mexico desert.

A ten-strong team wearing cotton gloves and protective suits to prevent them ripping the fabric will pump helium from two large lorries into a £150,000 balloon that has been hailed as the biggest ever to lift a passenger.

When inflated, it is as high as a  55-storey building with a volume of 30 million cubic feet.

Made from strengthened plastic, it is a tenth of the thickness of a sandwich bag. Baumgartner has limited space to move around in the capsule and the balloon will be largely steered remotely from mission control down on the ground.

If all goes well, the journey will take just under three hours. The biggest danger he faces on the way up is the risk of the balloon rupturing soon after take-off. If that happens, Fearless Felix won’t have time to open the hatch and get out, and will come crashing down inside the capsule.

When it reaches the jumping height of 120,000ft — three times the altitude at which airliners fly — he will look out on a black rather than blue daytime sky while he waits for the final ‘clear to jump’ message from mission control.

Pictured in the capsule that he will launch himself from on Monday, Felix looks more like an astronaut than a sky-diver, fully equipped with a space suit and high-tech equipment

At that point, he will depressurise the capsule, pressurise his suit and open the exit door (the capsule  will later automatically detach  from the balloon and parachute back to Earth).

It’s a virtually oxygen-free vacuum up there, with just one per cent of the air pressure on Earth, so the consequences of an accident now — a ripped suit (the biggest fear) or hairline helmet crack — would be disastrous, bringing on the dreaded ebullism in seconds.

If that isn’t bad enough, a spacesuit failure could also bring on the bends (gas seeping into body tissues due to sudden low pressure), barotrauma (trapped gas in body cavities that can collapse the lungs), and severe oxygen deprivation, known as anoxia.

And let’s not forget the discomfort of falling through air with a temperature as low as minus 70f.

Even leaving the capsule is fraught with danger. Baumgartner, who will basically fall forwards off the capsule platform, needs to start plunging straight down and head first as quickly as possible to reach maximum speed.

But there is always a risk that, with virtually no wind at those altitudes, he could end up in an uncontrolled flat spin.

At such high altitude, Fearless Felix will be able to see the curvature of the Earth and will free-fall for 20 minutes before landing.

In his test jump in March, Felix plunged 25,000 feet. In Monday's jump he will attempt to jump higher and faster in a free fall than anyone ever before

And if he spins too fast, the force will make him lose consciousness, cause brain damage, turn his eyeballs into reddish-purple orbs and — very possibly — kill him.

As a safety precaution of sorts, his clever spacesuit will release a drogue parachute — a miniaturised version of the type used to slow fast-landing jets — to reduce his speed if its monitoring system senses he has lost consciousness.

It will take him just 40 seconds to go from zero to 700mph and break the sound barrier at an altitude of around 100,000ft.

No one can be sure what happens when a body breaks the sound barrier at that height, and the possibility of his suit being damaged by supersonic shock waves is another unpleasant ‘what if’ that Baumgartner’s scientific experts have had to consider.

Felix, left, will be guided by U.S. Air Force Col. (Ret.) Joe Kittinger, right, who holds the current stratospheric jump record, from 1960 of 102,800 feet

But once he has gone supersonic, travelling at the speed of a bullet, the air resistance will start to pick up as the atmosphere becomes more dense and he can move himself into the more stable ‘delta’ position — arms and legs spread out, body parallel to the ground — that you normally see being used by skydivers.

Assuming he makes it through intact, Baumgartner, his spacesuit fitted with cameras recording his stomach-churning descent, will freefall for some five-and-a-half minutes before pulling his main parachute at 5,000ft. Some ten to 15 minutes later, with luck he will touch down battered but unbowed near Roswell.

The remote New Mexican town is, of course, famous for a rumoured UFO crash landing in 1947.

How wonderfully apt. Where else can claim to have had stranger things drop out of the sky than Fearless Felix?

The space capsule, which is being checked over repeatedly before the jump, is in a pressure chamber at Brooks Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas

EXPLORE:  World News     NASA     Curiosity     Mars     Sun     Scientists     23 Feet     Supernova      Mount Sharp  7 Foot Arm      Blue Moon         Neil Armstrong      Last Letter        Australia's Radio Telescope

Read More

Edited By Cen Fox Post Team

Follow @centuryfoxpost